能源安全研究的理论与方法及其主要进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘立涛  沈镭  刘晓洁 《地理科学进展》2012,31(4):403-411

在能源价格和温室气体减排双重驱动下,能源安全研究再次成为学术界关注的热点.加强能源安全理论、方法研究,对于把握能源安全关键要素,识别一国(区域)能源安全状态及演进趋势具有重要的现实意义,同时为能源安全预警与响应机制的构筑奠定了坚实基础.本文对国内外能源安全理论、方法及其主要进展进行了综述,研究结果表明：①国内能源安全定量研究较为薄弱,主要表现为研究成果匮乏、缺乏共识;②国际上,能源安全研究方法大多基于能源安全多样性指数——Shannon-Wiener 指数(SWI)与Herfindahl-Hirschman 指数(HHI).其中,又以英国能源供应安全联合研究小组(JESS)、荷兰能源研究中心(ECN)、国际能源署(IEA)以及亚太能源研究中心(APERC)所开发的能源安全模型较具有代表性;③能源安全定量研究在时间尺度、空间尺度、评价内容及不确定性上均有待改进.  相似文献   

1999-2007 年中国粮食安全的关键影响因素   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22  

宋小青  欧阳竹 《地理学报》2012,67(6):793-803

选取耕地保护“新政”时期的1999-2007 年为研究时段,以耕地面积与粮食产量变化的分歧原因—耕地生产力变化为切入点,通过比较分析、空间与计量分析探寻粮食安全的关键影响因素。结果表明:农民种粮积极性变化决定着耕地集约利用是影响粮食安全的关键;2003-2007 年农民种粮积极性的持续提高主要来自市场粮价的上涨;粮食直补仅在开始实施的年份激发了农民对种粮收益的预期。此外,本文从提高农民种粮积极性、优化粮食生产投入及改进耕地保护模式3方面,提出了耕地保护发展的政策建议。  相似文献   

中国水土保持研究回顾   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张兴昌  邵明安  李世清  Peng Keshan 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(3):259-274

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as “the No. 1 killer“ to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss.Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China.  相似文献   

江底盾构隧道施工期外水压分布规律的现场试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢红强  何川  李围 《岩土力学》2006,27(10):1851-1855

重庆主城排水过江盾构隧道工程是国家重点环保工程之一,也是目前长江上最大的岩质盾构隧道。隧道采用泥水盾构机施工,其主体结构在施工期及运营期将承受0.6 MPa的高水压。研究高外水压力对隧道的影响具有重要意义,结合隧址区的地形地质及水文条件对施工期作用在盾构主体结构上的水压力进行了现场跟踪测试,探求施工期外水压力的分布规律,为盾构隧道的掘进控制提供参数,并为类似工程提供有益参考。  相似文献   

虚拟专用网技术在远程数据传输中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋宁 《地质与资源》2007,16(3):234-236,182

野外地质调查工作者作为远程用户需要与其所在的地质调查研究机构进行数据的安全传输.应用虚拟专用网络技术可以在使用公用网络进行数据传输时保证其安全.本文讨论了虚拟专用网的分类、关键技术,通过分析某地质研究所的网络拓扑,给出了一个虚拟专用网的解决方案,对其中的基于Windows Server 2003的虚拟专用网服务器进行了详细配置.  相似文献   

大连市气象局网络安全系统的设计与实现   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐晓波  王会品  张建国 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(6):35-38

根据安全网络的要求,利用先进的网络安全技术与设备,针对大连市气象局局域网在网络结构、网络安全方面存在的问题及隐患,提出网络系统改造方案及加强网络安全的措施:网络改造方案中采用子网划分技术重新规划网络结构,实现子网划分;针对可能存在的内、外部网络攻击,部署了多层次防线,对边界防毒和应用服务器防毒及客户端防毒均作了相应的部署。采用虚拟专用网络(virtual private network,VPN)技术、虚拟局域网(virtual local area network,VLAN)技术、网络版病毒防护软件、网关防毒产品、防火墙技术和物理隔离等多种专业网络安全产品,构建整体安全网络系统。实施后表明:网络安全得到保障,网络通信质量显著提高,达到了建设安全、畅通、高速局域网络的目的。  相似文献   

Potential promoted productivity and spatial patterns of medium- and low-yield cropland land in China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Huimin Yan  Yongzan Ji  Jiyuan Liu  Fang Liu  Yunfeng Hu  Wenhui Kuang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(3):259-271

With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, improving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become fundamental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement. In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productivity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was located in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.  相似文献   

Allocating agricultural production factors: A scenario-based modeling of wheat production in Shandong Province,China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

We aim to determine the effects of agricultural factors input per hectare on wheat production, and to optimize the allocation of wheat production factors under three scenarios and in different operating modes. Data were collected from 204 farming households using a face-to-face questionnaire. The sampled farms were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. We find fertilizer cost, irrigation cost and machinery cost all positively and significantly affect the per-unit-area wheat production, indicating the labor cost is not the major driving factor on wheat yield increment. Multi-object optimization model is used to allocate the production factors per hectare. We find under the Business as usual (BAU) scenario, the irrigation cost per-hectare wheat production after optimization in 2014 grows at a rate of 24.31% and accounts for 14.9% of total input. Under the Cooperate Environmental Sustainability (CES) scenario, the fertilizer and pesticide costs after optimization drop significantly by 42.83% and 21.41%, respectively. Under the Rapid Benefit Growth (RBG) scenario, the irrigation cost after optimization increase by 2.56% and the fertilizer cost increases by 4.69% compared with the surveyed data. Comparison of optimized data among three operating modes shows that the labor costs at household farm and cooperative farm both increase significantly. Cooperative farms are more successful in production factor use efficiency and economic performance. In conclusion, wheat production at different operating modes could be improved so as to constitute more efficient and economic use of production factors.  相似文献   

信息安全实验管理系统的实现及其系统中安全问题的解决     

肖霞  周安民  孙立鹏 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(1):101-104

B／S模式的应用系统都要面对安全的问题，身份认证和访问控制是实现计算机安全的主要手段。介绍了基于Web的信息安全实验管理系统，分析了系统的体系架构和功能，针对B／S模式的安全威胁，采用了两个方案实现身份认证和访问控制。  相似文献   

中国海岛型旅游目的地生态安全综合评价与障碍因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李梦程  李世泰  王成新  秦伟山  孙剑锋 《海洋科学》2020,44(5):76-86

从可持续发展的视角,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应的DPSIR模型构建了海岛型旅游目的地生态安全评价体系,选取中国12个县级地域单元的海岛作为研究区,通过TOPSIS模型对其2018年的生态安全水平进行测度,并根据其贴近度指数划分为不安全、较不安全、比较安全、安全4个等级,引用障碍度模型对影响海岛型旅游目的地生态安全的障碍因素进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)洞头区、崇明区、定海区的生态安全等级为不安全;平潭县、嵊泗县、普陀区、玉环市和南澳县为较不安全;长岛县和岱山县为较安全;长海县和东山县为安全状态,研究区内海岛型旅游目的地的生态安全面临着较大威胁。(2)压力系统中海岛脆弱性和响应系统中生态保护力度是生态安全水平提升的主要障碍因素,而自然灾害对海岛的损害、环保资金支持力度不足以及有限的海岛空间承载量又是其中最关键的因素。基于障碍因素的诊断,提出了生态安全水平提升的策略,为保障我国海岛的生态安全提供实证参考。  相似文献